Codeine is a narcotic drug used to relieve mild to moderate pain and is sometimes recommended for a cough that does not improve by non-narcotic cough suppressants. Over the counter medication containing codeine already have a warning on them that they should not be given to children as some people are able to metabolize codeine faster than normal leading to unexpected overdose. After reviewing the safety of prescription pain and cough medications with codeine, Health Canada has decided to no longer recommend its use in children under 12 due to the risk of serious side effects and death in this group. This risk also applies to babies being breast fed by mothers ingesting codeine- containing products.

Parents with concerns should seek advice of their healthcare practitioner for alternative options to manage pain and cough in their children.