Emerging research highlights the gut–retina axis as a critical player in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study explores the effects of micronutrient supplementation (lutein (10 mg), zeaxanthin (2 mg), saffron (20 mg), and other vitamins and minerals) alongside anti-VEGF therapy on patients with neovascular AMD (nAMD). Baseline and 6-month assessments included ophthalmological exams (BCVA, biomicroscopy, OCT), biochemical markers (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α), and gut microbiota (GM) analysis from stool samples using 16S rRNA sequencing. Lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, and smoking or alcohol habits were evaluated using questionnaires. Patients with recent antibiotic or probiotic use, concurrent ocular diseases, or treatments affecting metabolism were excluded.
Findings reveal that nAMD patients show altered gut microbiota diversity, elevated pro-inflammatory fatty acids, and reduced SCFAs compared to healthy controls. Micronutrient supplementation improved visual acuity and reduced harmful metabolites, suggesting its potential to restore gut-retina balance and enhance therapeutic outcomes. These results open new avenues for treating AMD by targeting gut health.
Reference: Beneficial Effects of Micronutrient Supplementation in Restoring the Altered Microbiota and Gut–Retina Axis in Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration—A Randomized Clinical Trial