Cancer risk in children exposed to CT scans

2013-08-26 09:42:09

It has been known for some time now that exposure to ionizing radiation, such as from x-rays and CT scans, is carcinogenic. Our risk of developing cancer as a result of this exposure depends on many factors including frequency of use, dose, as well as age, with children being much more susceptible than adults. Alarmingly, the frequency of CT scans being performed in children has significantly increased in the last two decades. One study found a fivefold increase in pediatric CT exams in the Emergency Department between 1995-2008 for concerns such as head injury, abdominal pain and headache.⁽¹⁾ Some of these scans are no question justified but many others are likely debatable. A more recent study looking at the data of CT scans found that between 1996 and 2005 there was a doubling of CT scans in children under 5 and a tripling of scans in those 5-14.⁽²⁾ Even though these rates have begun to decline since 2007, these researchers project that with four million pediatric CT scans of the head, abdomen/pelvis, chest or spine performed each year, 4870 future cancers will result.⁽²⁾ Additional research published in the journal Lancet found an increased risk of developing leukemia and brain cancer with exposure to multiple CT scans.⁽³⁾ Taking all this into account makes one question if perhaps we are overusing this tool. Although a CT scan can provide a physician with valuable information, there are occasions where other diagnostic tools are a viable option. Reasons for ordering CT scans vary, however it appears that reassessing the manner in which children are screened for them is definitely warranted. Parents too need to educate themselves in order to ask the right questions and make sure that if a CT scan is being used the benefits well outweigh the risks.